Interesting, especially in light of the study linking recall of NDEs to recall of hallucinations (much to the surprise of the authors!)
I made a post about this paper in another thread that is probably more on topic for this thread so I will repost it here:
It is quite an interesting study, exploratory and small, but will hopefully will lead to more study.
“Reality” of near-death-experience memories: evidence from a psychodynamic and electrophysiological integrated study
They took various pscyhological and phisiological readings of people recalling NDEs vs. control group who had not experienced ndes. There is a hypnosis element to the study which IIRC did not make a significant difference to the overall findings.
The psychological results were pretty much as expected, the recall of NDE memories and real memories had the similar amount of detail and both were more complex than imagined memories. Hypnosis improved recall complexity and detail in all categories, though more of an effect for NDE and real compared to imagined.
I believe for most of the readings the results were similar between NDE and real memories and different from imagined memories amongst the main and control group. However, given reports of the uniqueness of the NDE experience, they wanted to find a difference.
They noted that despite there being unequivocal distinctions, NDEs probably share common processes with hypnosis, and that experiences similar to NDE can be generated during hypnosis (they site another study Facco 2012 for this - haven't looked at it). They note Holden's 1993 account of a man who replicated his NDE during hypnosis, including phycial changes.) Overall they found "a peculiar pattern of neural activity associated with the recall of NDE memories linked to slow-wave activity, including both delta and theta oscillations" They note that theta power is well-known to be linked to memory processing, particularly in relation to episodic memories, and that delta is associated with internal mentation including the recollection of the past.
The next part is the really interesting bit:
On the other hand, the recall of these NDE memories did not show any relationship with gamma power, which has been designated as a marker of true memories (Sederberg et al., 2003), where “true” indicates that the memory recall reactivates the sensory circuits originally recruited during encoding of objects, scenes, events experienced in the physical world. Whitton et al. (1978) demonstrated that both unmedicated schizophrenics with Schneiderian criteria during hallucinations and healthy control participants during a “creativity” test exhibited an EEG frequency pattern of predominantly delta and theta power. This whole pattern may fit with the proposal of Thonnard et al. (2013) that NDE memories are hallucinationlike memories of actually perceived hallucinations. In fact, in the present investigation, NDE recall was related to both delta (recollection of the past but also trance states and hallucinations) and theta power (episodic memory) but not with gamma power (true memories; experienced in the physical world). In synthesis, the EEG findings suggest that NDE memories are episodic memories of events experienced in a peculiar state of consciousness.
The authors conclude that their findings are "in line with the hypothesis that the core components of a NDE have a neural counterpart." Note the authors are proponents and are not ready to give up non-brain causes. They write that the data linking to neural counterparts "are not necessarily in contrast with a more spiritualistic theory...uncovering the neural counterpart of NDE does not exclude per se survivalist hypothesis." It is interesting that the authors spend some time looking at the previous rat study and the opposition to it. It will be interesting to see how the sequel study that just came out will impact on the discussion in this paper.
Note that the aspects related to hallucination readings were not the main focus of the prime study, and came out of the exploratory aspect of the study. The comparisons they made were to study participants in other unrelated studies. More research will be required to explore this aspect.
Overall very interesting study, especially in conjunction with the recent one that has come out. The authors should be commended for their approach - probing beyond surface comparisons and going out of their way to explore the nuances of NDE research.